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from The Global Achievement Gap by Tony Wagner

The Seventh Survival Skill: Curiosity and Imagination

The words curiosity and inquisitiveness are almost always mentioned when I ask leaders to tell me what skills matter most today. Creativity and innovation are key factors not only in solving problems but also in devloping new or improved products and services. And so today’s employees need to master both “left-brain” skills – such as critcal thinking and problem solving, accessing and evaluating information, and so on – and “right-brain” skills such as curiosity, imagination, and creativity. It’s not enough to just be trained in the techniques of how to ask questions – as lawyers and MBAs often are, for example.  Employees must also know how to use analytical skills in ways that are often more “out-of-the-box” than in the past, come up with creative solutions to problem, and be able to design products and services that stand out from the competition. In other words, they have to be new and improved knowledge workers – those who can think in disciplined ways, but also those who have a burning curiosity, a lively imagination, and can engage others empathetically.

The library is the perfect place to encourage curiosity, but I wonder if we are promoting it as such? Do we let kids know that the library is the place to find the answers to all the questions that they have – not just about school subjects, but about football, dance, Bigfoot, cartoons, spiders, dating, rockets, pets, and whatever else they might be interested in? So often, we see kids’ natural curiosity about the way the world works extinguished by the time they are in 3rd grade. The library is one place in the school where we can encourage curiosity to grow and flourish instead.

In what ways are you encouraging students to be curious?

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from The Global Achievment Gap by Tony Wagner

The Sixth Survival Skill: Accessing and Analyzing Information

Employees in the twenty-first century have to manage an astronomical amount of information flowing into their work lives on a daily basis. As Mike Summers [vice president for Global Talent Managment at Dell] told me, “There is so much information available that it is almost too much, and if people aren’t repared to process the information effectively it almost freezes them in their steps.” Annmarie Neal [vice president for Talent Management at Cisco] pointed out that organizations need to be able to understand how people deal with the flow of information. She also stressed the importance of critical thinking in the context of how an employee receives and uses information. Rob Gordon [director of the American Politics Program at West Point, retired] said that all high school graduates need to learn how to access and analyze difference kinds of information. And Susan, the woman who works in the retail industry, talked about needed “people who can conceptualize but also synthesize a lot of data.” As she mentioned: “There’s so much more data that people have to synthesize. And they can’t just produce a bunch of reports. They have to find the important details and then say ‘here’s what we should do about it.’ “

Obviously, this information revolution has profound implications not just for work but also for citizenship and lifelong learning. To be active and informed citizens today, knowing how to read a newspaper is no longer enough. We have to be able to access and evaluate information from many different sources. Indeed, all this access to information is of little use – and may even be dangerous – if we don’t know how to evaluate it. This the immediate availability of information places an even greater premium on critical-thinking skills. Recently, a teacher told me a story that clearly illustrated this new challenge and unfortunately reflects quite a common occurrence. She had assigned students the task of researching Martin Luther King, Jr., near the time of the national holiday in his honor. But what many of them found during their Internet searches was scary. It tuned out that a white supremacist group had prepared for this important holiday and figured out how to manipulate Internet searches in such a way that their website was listed among the top five or so when an individual typed Dr. King’s name into a search engine. Their home page provided some factually accurate biographical information, so the site may have appeared legitimate at first glance, but when students went any further into the site, they encountered every kind of racist belief – all presented as facts.

Instant access to overwhelming amounts of information raises fundamental questions about the nature of curriculum in our schools today.

Teaching students this survival skill is an area in which librarians can really shine. What are you doing to help your students learn how to deal with the flood of information that is available to them?

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from The Global Achievement Gap by Tony Wagner

The Fifth Survival Skill: Effective Oral and Written Communication

Communication skills are a major factor highlighted in dozens of studies over the years that focus on students’ lack of preparation for both college and the workplace, and these skills are only going to become more important as teams are increasingly composed of individuals from diverse cultures. The ability to express one’s views clearly in a democracy and to communicate effectively across cultures is an important citizenship skill as well. …

When I asked Rob Gordon [former director of the American Politics Program at West Point] what advice he had for teachers today, he was emphatic: “Teach them to write! Effective communication is key in everything we do – people need to learn to communicate effectively with each other and with external communities. Even enlisted men need to communicate effectively via e-mail. … I saw the importance of this in Iraq when I went back in January of 2004. When we asked a brigade commander what he’d learned, he talked about the importance of relying on soldiers who understood not only what they were seeing on screens that showed near real-time combatant movements but also how to interpret and communicate what they saw.”

Mike Summers [vice president for Global Talent Management at Dell Computers] also spoke forcefully on this issue: “We are routinely surprised at the difficulty some young people have in communicating: verbal skills, written skills, presentation skills. They have difficulty being clear and concise; it’s hard for them to create focus, energy, and passion around the points they want to make.” …

Listening to Summers’s comments as a former English teacher myself, I was surprised by the list of skills he thought important: not only the ability to communicate one’s thoughts clearly and concisely but also the ability to create focus, energy and passion. Summers and other leaders from various companies were not necessarily complaining about young people’s poor grammar, punctuation or spelling – the things we spend so much time teaching and testing in our schools. While it’s obviously important to write and speak correctly, the complaines I heard most frequently were about fuzzy thinking and the lack of writing with a real voice.

This is important information for teachers and librarians. What is disheartening, though, is that standardized tests don’t typically test this kind of writing and teachers have very little time to teach it. Any ideas for giving students opportunities to practice this kind of communication?

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from The Global Achievement Gap by Tony Wagner

The Fourth Survival Skill: Initiative and Entrepreneurialism

Employees can ge good problem solvers and team players, and they can be agile and adapt to new surroundings and ideas, but I learned that mastery of these survival skills is not enough in many companies = and likewise in many communities that face new challenges requiring proactive leadership. In the interviews I conducted, I heard a strong and consistent concern about the ways in which today’s workers (and citizens) use or apply these survival skills: Leaders today want to see individuals take more initiative and even be entrepreneurial in terms of the ways they seek out new opportunities, ideas, and strategies for improvement.

How often do we give students the opportunity to show the initiative that they will be expected to demonstrate in the workplace?

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from The Global Achievement Gap by Tony Wagner

The Third Survival Skill: Agility and Adaptability

The portrait of the New World of Work that is emerging is a complex one. The shift from a hierarchical authority that tells you what to do to a team-based environment has been both rapid and profound. Similarly, the intensifying rate of change, the overwhelming amount of data, and the increasing complexity of problems that individuals and teams face every day in their work are dramatic new challenges for everyone in the organization. All of these changes illuminate the importance of another set of essential survival skills for work today: agility and adaptability.

Last week, I was in a meeting with campus administrators where they were introduced to the new English Language Arts TEKS. It was quite surprising to that group that in 2009-2010, teachers would have new ELA objectives to teach. The corporate world is not the only place where things are changing.

We not only have to teach students agility and adaptability, we have to have those skills ourselves!

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from The Global Achievement Gap by Tony Wagner:

The Second Survival Skill: Collaboration Across Networks and Leading by Influence

Mike Summers, who is vice president for Global Talent Management at Dell Computers, told me that his greatest concern was young people’s lack of leadershp skills. “Kids just out of school have an amazing lack of preparedness in general leadership skills and collaborative skills,” he explained. “They lack the ability to influence versus direct and command.” In other words, the only kind of leadership young people have experienced is one that relies on obedience versus the kind of reasoning and persuasion that is the new leaderhip style demanded by businesses organized in teams and networks.

He went on, “Students have a naivete about how work gets done in the corporate environment. They have a predisposition toward believing that everything is clearly outlined, and then people give directions, and then other people execute until there’s a new set of directions. They don’t understand the complexities of an organization – that boundaries are fluid, that rearely does one group have everything they need to get a job done. How do you solve a problem when people who own what you need are outside your organization or don’t report to you, or the total solution requires a consortium of different people? How do you influence things that are out of your direct control?”

How can teachers and librarians help students develop this skill?

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I’m reading a sobering new book called The Global Achievement Gap: Why Even Our Best Schools Don’t Teach the New Survival Skills Our Children Need and What We Can Do About It by Tony Wagner. Wagner is co-director of the Change Leadership Group at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He has done a lot of research into the topic and his book is a powerful call to action.

Wagner describes the global achievement gap as “the gap between what even our best suburban, urban and rural public schools are teaching and  testing versus what all students will need to succeed as learners, workers, and citizens in today’s global knowledge economy.” He goes on to say that “even in these ‘good’ schools, students are simply not learning the skills that matter most for the twenty-first century.”

What are these skills?

The First Survival Skill

Critical thinking and problem solving.

In researching the book, Wagner spoke to leaders in all types of businesses. He writes: “It turns out that asking good questions, critical thinking, and problem solving go hand in had in the minds of most employers and business consultants, and taken together they represent the First Survival Skill of the new global ‘knowledge economy.’ Equally important, they are skills that our kids need in order to participate effectively in our democracy.”

Librarians can play a huge part in teaching kids to ask good questions through well-developed research activities in the library.

Look for more survival skills in future posts.

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The Partnership for 21st Century Skills and the National Council for the Social Studies have created a framework for integrating 21st century skills into the Social Studies curriculum. Released on July 17, the map provides educators with concrete examples of how 21st century skills can be infused into classroom practices and highlights the critical connections between social studies and 21st century skills.

Download a copy here.

Will Richardson’s Weblogg-ed pointed me to a very interesting and thought-provoking article today. Entitled Is Google Making Us Stoopid?, the author explores the increasing tendency to skim, scan and browse information rather than doing “deep reading” on a topic. In fact, he presents the idea that perhaps our brains are actually changing and becoming less able to handle this type of thinking.

I’m not so sure.

Where does the purpose for reading come into play? If skimming and scanning information on the web gets me the information that I need, then I’m going to skim and scan. If, however, I have a need to understand something in a deeper way, I’m going to make the effort to find some good quality resources and read them carefully in order to understand the topic and make an informed decision.

Before the days of the Internet, the encyclopedia was the enemy of teachers who wanted students to do deep reading and thinking in a research paper. Students would skim and scan an encyclopedia article and copy enough information to complete the assignment. Today they use the Internet to do the same thing. If, however, we change the assignment/research question so that it is requires original thought, skimming and scanning won’t do.

Maybe deep reading, thinking and writing will occur naturally when that’s what is required – in school and in life.

Take some time to read the article, then share your thoughts in the comments.

Image source: A Twisted Family Tradition – the Lime Jello Brain. Uploaded on February 6, 2005 by hurleygurley. Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works license